Planting under fruit trees can enhance the health and productivity of your orchard while creating a more diverse and resilient garden ecosystem. This guide explores the best plants to grow under fruit trees in New Zealand, helping you maximize the benefits of companion planting.
The Benefits of Underplanting
Underplanting involves growing various plants beneath fruit trees to improve soil health, attract beneficial insects, and deter pests. By selecting the right companions, you can create a thriving and sustainable garden.
Beneficial Plants for Underplanting
1. Comfrey
Comfrey is a fantastic plant to grow under fruit trees. It acts as a dynamic accumulator, drawing up nutrients from deep in the soil and making them available to other plants. Comfrey also provides excellent mulch when its leaves are cut back and decomposed.
2. Clovers
Clovers are excellent ground covers that fix nitrogen in the soil, enriching it for your fruit trees. They also help suppress weeds and maintain soil moisture.
3. Chives
Chives deter pests such as aphids and can enhance the flavor of fruit when planted nearby. They also attract beneficial insects like bees, which help with pollination.
4. Nasturtiums
Nasturtiums are great for pest control. They act as a trap crop, attracting aphids away from your fruit trees. Nasturtiums also have bright, edible flowers that add a splash of color to your garden.
5. Marigolds
Marigolds repel nematodes and other soil-borne pests. Their bright flowers attract beneficial insects, contributing to a healthy garden ecosystem.
6. Herbs
Herbs like mint, oregano, and thyme make excellent underplanting choices. They repel pests, attract beneficial insects, and can be used in the kitchen. These herbs also grow well in the dappled shade beneath fruit trees.
7. Daffodils
Daffodils can help deter rodents and other small animals that might harm your fruit trees. They also add a beautiful burst of color in the spring.
8. Ferns
Ferns are ideal for shady spots under fruit trees. They help retain soil moisture and add an attractive, lush look to your garden.
Planting Tips for Success
To maximize the benefits of underplanting, follow these tips:
- Proper Spacing: Ensure adequate spacing between plants to avoid competition for nutrients and sunlight.
- Soil Preparation: Enrich the soil with compost and organic matter to support the growth of both fruit trees and underplantings.
- Consistent Watering: Maintain consistent watering to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulching can help retain moisture and reduce weeds.
- Regular Maintenance: Prune and deadhead plants as needed to promote healthy growth and continuous blooming.
Conclusion
Underplanting can significantly benefit your fruit trees by improving soil health, deterring pests, and attracting beneficial insects. By selecting the right plants, you can create a thriving and productive garden in New Zealand. Happy gardening!
